Although the principles of the lead storage battery have been more than 150 years, it is still widely used today. Today, the research of the battery does not stagnate. In particular, with the promotion of electric hybrid drive, we have reason to look forward to more new chapters of the battery.First, the development of the battery
Although the principles of the lead storage battery have been more than 150 years, it is still widely used today. The main advantages of the lead battery are:
1 Good cost performance
2 high reliability
3 bulk production
4 ease of use
Today, the research of the battery does not stagnate. In particular, with the promotion of electric hybrid drive, we have reason to look forward to more new chapters of the battery.
Analysis of generator to battery charging image and automotive battery structure
Second, the structure of the battery
A 12V battery consists of six series of monomer batteries. They are mounted in a housing separated by a partition.
The basic modules of each battery are monomer batteries. The monomer battery is composed of a polar plate, which is formed by a positive electrode plate group and a negative electrode plate.
The polar plate is made of an electrode and a separator. Each electrode is composed of a lead fence and active material. The separator (microporous insulation) is used to separate electrodes of different polarities. The electrode or plate group is immersed in a 38% concentration of sulfuric acid (electrolyte) during charge.
Terminal, monomer batteries and polar plate connectors are made of lead. The positive and negative electrodes have different diameters. The positive electrode is always thicker than the negative electrode. Different diameters can avoid battery connectivity errors (prevent pickup ". Monomer battery cable passes through the separator.
Analysis of generator to battery charging image and automotive battery structure
The outer casing (modular box) of the battery is made of acid-resistant insulating material, and the battery is fixed from the bottom plate. The upper housing is closed through the end cap.
A single battery is connected in series through the cable to provide the required voltage for the vehicle. Always ensure that the negative electrode of a single cell is connected to the positive electrode of another single battery.
Analysis of generator to battery charging image and automotive battery structure
Third, battery electrolyte
Sulfuric acid diluted with distilled water is used in a lead battery. Full charging state sulfuric acid ratio is about 38%, and the remaining is water. Sulfate ions can conduct electricity between the electrodes.
The density of sulfuric acid changes as the battery is charged, see the table below.
Analysis of generator to battery charging image and automotive battery structure
The relationship in the table applies only to unloaded, static batteries. After charging or discharging and disconnecting the battery, you must wait for at least two hours to reach a stationary state.
In order to prevent damage from sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid can be distinguished in the glass fibers from preventing the battery solution from being broken when the outer casing is damaged.
Fourth, charge and discharge process
1. Charge
The charge refers to the power back to the battery. The electrical energy conversion into chemical energy during charging process.
Once the engine is running, charging the battery through the generator. For electric vehicles, 12V batteries are charged by high-pressure batteries. The sulfate (PBSO4) and water (H2O) generated during which this discharge was discharged into lead (Pb), lead (PbO2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
2PBSO4 + 2H2O → PBO2 + 2H2SO4 + PB
The result is an increase in the density of the acid solution and reserves the chemical energy required to release electrical energy.
2. Discharge
The discharge refers to extract electrical energy from the battery. Chemical can be converted into electrical energy during discharge process.
When the useful appliance is connected to the battery, it will discharge. The proportion of sulfuric acid is reduced, and the proportion of water is increased. Plevene sulfate (PBSO4) was produced on the positive electrode plate and the negative plate.
The PBO2 + 2H2SO4 + PB → 2PBSO4 + 2H2O results is the decision of the acid solution.
V. Battery technical parameters and terminology
1. battery voltage
The battery voltage is a voltage between the unit cell positive electrode plate and the negative plate. It mainly depends on the charging state (acid density) and battery temperature. The single battery rated voltage of the lead battery is 2V.
2. Rated voltage
The standard rated voltage of the vehicle battery cell is 2V.
The rated voltage of the entire battery is from the voltage of the unit cell by the number of unit cells.
For vehicles with six single cells, the standard rated voltage is 6 x 2 [V] = 12 [V].
3. Terminal voltage
The terminal voltage is the voltage between the two terminals of the battery.
4. Low temperature test current
The starting capacity of the battery at low temperatures is indicated by a low temperature test current.
The low temperature test current is a predetermined discharge current, and the newly filled battery under this current is below 18 ° C, which does not lower the specified voltage limit before the specified time.
5. Idle speed and open circuit voltage
The open circuit voltage is the voltage when the battery is not loaded.
Open circuit voltage changes after charging or discharging. Only after a wait time, the sulfuric acid concentration is balanced when the plate is balanced, and the open circuit voltage can reach the final value. This final value is called an open circuit voltage.
Sixth, glass fiber battery (AGM battery)
1. definition
Glass fiber batteries, also known as AGM batteries or composite batteries. Vehicles for the automatic start stop system and energy recovery. The glass fiber battery is a battery that is bonded in a fiberglass (AGM). This type of battery type can be identified from the AGM in the battery cover and the full black battery housing. AGM is an abbreviation of English Absorbent Glass Mat (adsorbed glass fiber cotton). It refers to glass fibers having strong water absorption by very small mesh glass fibers. Therefore, all sulfuric acids are attached to the glass fibers. Therefore, the glass fiber battery is anti-leakage.
The battery case is still possible to overflow very small amount of sulfuric acid, but only a few milliliters.
The battery is closed through the battery cover. Single battery seals and exhaust passages are included in the cover.
For gas emissions generated during charging, because the glass fiber battery (AGM battery) is a closed system, each unit cell is separated from the atmosphere.
2. Structure
1 black battery cover, black housing;
2-free acid level display;
3 partitions in fiberglass;
4 closed (exhaust function on the single battery valve);
5 2-D information bar for quick identification by scanner.
3. advantage
1 maintenance, leak-proof;
2 positive plate movement;
3 free acid layers;
4 long service life;
5 power is high;
6 high reliability;
7 Ensure cold start safety in the case of 25 ° C;
8 Design for very frequent charge and discharge processes.
4. shortcoming
1 high cost;
2 is higher than the temperature sensitivity of the wet battery.
7. Battery disconnecting element
The battery is mounted in the vehicle engine compartment or the battery is disconnected when a battery is used. The task of this disconnect element is to disconnect the wire from the battery to the starter and generator. When an accident occurs, if a short circuit occurs on a generator or a starter wire, the vehicle can be avoided by the separation element. If an accident is triggered, the battery discharge element is automatically activated. The battery disconnect element is activated as the trigger of the seat belt tensioner when the tail collision.
Battery disconnecting components may use the following components:
Battery disconnector
Battery disconnection relay
1. Battery disconnector
The battery discharge detonator is located in a safe battery terminal.
The safety battery terminal is always fixed directly on the battery positive electrode.
(1) start position
(2) detonate
When the propellant of the battery discharge detonator is detonated, the expanded gas pushes the tapered pin away from the initial position in the direction of the arrow.
(3) Terminal position
After the cone is pushed, it avoids it backward by a support. Thereby, the wire is maintained from the battery to the starter and the generator.
2. Battery disconnection relay
Another component that may disconnect from the wire from the battery to the starter and generator is the battery disconnect relay. This relay integrates a battery master switch and a disconnect switch.
Activated battery discharge relay can be identified from the viewing window. When the wire is turned off, it is not seen that the copper coil is seen but see a white cover. Recommend: LiFePO4 Battery Manufacturer Energy storage battery Manufacturer Integrated machine energy storage battery series Manufacturer Lead lithium battery Manufacturer Outdoor Backup Battery Manufacturer Portable outdoor power supply Manufacturer Power battery Manufacturer Powerwall LiFePO4 Battery Manufacturer Battery rack Manufacturers Telecom LiFePO4 Battery Manufacturer Wall mounted battery storage Manufacturer China Lifepo4 Battery
